The Principles Of Homeostasis And The Contribution Of The...

This essay aims to describe the principles of homeostasis, and the contribution of the cardiovascular system to homeostasis. Using the example of congestive heart failure (CHF), the causes and the consequences of a homeostatic imbalance in cardiac output will be explained. Homeostatic principles Homeostasis can generally be defined as the condition in which the body’s internal environment remains relatively constant within physiological limits [1]. This type of equilibrium is dynamic as the body is constantly subject to stimuli, which produce stress responses (stressors). The body’s homeostatic mechanisms therefore act to counter these stressors and return equilibrium within narrow limits that allow the body to maintain life. A key function of every body system is preserving a constant internal environment, which involves maintaining the volume of body fluid. To ensure that body cells function well, homeostasis is required to regulate the composition of extracellular fluid (ECF), for example ECF within blood vessels is blood plasma; in the brain and spinal cord this is cerebrospinal fluid. One third of body water is in the ECF [2], which constitutes the body’s ‘internal environment’. The precise regulation of substances such as glucose, oxyg en, ions and waste such as carbon dioxide is essential to ensure that cells are subject to conditions that are optimum for life. The stressors that the body could be exposed to can either originate from the internal or externalShow MoreRelatedPagbabago Ng Klima8154 Words   |  33 PagesPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS A. B. C. D. E. F. III. SUMMARY IV. CONCLUSION V. RECOMMENDATION VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This term paper was made into reality with the support of some important people who gave the researcher invaluable contributions, guidance, support, and encouragement which served as his strength and will to pursue this endeavor; To ___________, my instructor in this subject for his suggestions, encouragement, and assistance in making this requirement a presentable one;Read MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pages retrieved and transformed using â€Å"mental programs†, with the results being behavioral responses. Evolutionary psychology-is focused on the study of how evolution explains physiological processes. Psychologists and researchers take the basic principles of evolution, including natural selection, and apply them to psychological phenomena. This perspective suggests that these mental processes exist because they serve an evolutionary purpose – they aid in survival and reproduction. BiologicalRead MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pagesnuclei within brainstem that maintains wakefulness and works in conjunction with the cerebral cortex and together they are known as the reticular activating system. P. 454 - 3 parts of the brain: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain - Expression of affect (emotional and behavioral states) is mediated by extensive connections with the limbic system and prefrontal cortex. - p. 456 The prefrontal area is responsible for goal oriented behavior (ability to concentrate), short term memory and elaboration

Essay Considering Gertrude of Shakespeares Hamlet

Gertrude of Hamlet In Hamlet, Gertrude is a woman who means no harm but whose poor judgment contributes greatly to the terrible events that occur. There are only two female characters in the play, and neither one--Gertrude or Ophelia--is assertive. But the decisions Gertrude does make eventually lead to her death and the downfall of others as well. We first realize in Act I, Scene 2 that poor judgment is her major character flaw. As the mother of a grieving son, Gertrude should have been more sensitive to Hamlets feelings. Instead, less than two months after King Hamlets death, Gertrude remarries Claudius, her dead husbands own brother. Gertrude should have realized how humiliated Hamlet would feel as a†¦show more content†¦Someone might wonder whether Gertrude really is concealing some knowledge about a murder, but in Act II, scene 2, there is evidence that Gertrude really hasnt taken part in the plot. Hamlet suspects her of being an accomplice with Claudius in his fathers murder. Its too bad, therefore, that Hamlet doesnt hear Gertrudes private conversation with Claudius in which she gives her theory about Hamlets anger: I doubt it is no other but the main, His fathers death and our oerhasty marriage.(II.ii 56-57) Gertrudes conscience may finally be bothering her, but only about her quick marriage, not about anything worse. If Hamlet hadnt scolded her, the thought might never have occurred to her that the marriage took place too soon. Her comments show that Gertrude probably was not an accomplice. Up until now, we might have believed Hamlet. However, Claudius and Gertrude are talking privately and still Gertrude makes no reference to any plot. Her sincere reason for hoping that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern can provide clues to Hamlets behavior is so that she can help Hamlet feel better (a strong contrast to Claudius sinister motives). In other words, Gertrudes worst fault seems to be insensitivity towards her son. She shows no awareness of how her husband died and therefore no insight into what Hamlet suspects. The irony hereShow MoreRelatedHamlets Loss of Faith1323 Words   |  6 PagesThere comes a time in one’s life when he loses faith in his beliefs or in his relationships. In Shak espeare’s play, Hamlet, Hamlet’s uncle Claudius, murders Hamlet’s father to inherit the crown of Denmark and the love of Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude. Throughout the play there are six soliloquies that reveal the character of Hamlet and others. In more than any other Shakespearean play, the audience is painted a better picture of Hamlet’s mind. Shakespeare questions the social and Christian institutionsRead MoreHamlet Tragic Flaw Analysis1522 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet is considered one of the greatest tragedies ever written, and it has sparked a few controversial discussions amongst critics, the most intriguing topic being Hamlet’s ‘tragic flaw’. It was A.C. Bradley who popularised this concept of a ‘tragic flaw’ which was translated and based around Aristotle’s model of tragedy. He suggests that the reason Hamlet delayed the act of avenging his father’s murder was due to p ossessing a tragic flaw; the inability to act. Whereas, criticRead MorePoisoned Love: Essay 2. Life, Love, Death, Revenge, Grief,1392 Words   |  6 PagesPoisoned Love: Essay 2 Life, love, death, revenge, grief, and murder are all characteristics well known to the writing of William Shakespeare, his play Hamlet is not an exception. In this play the reader follows a young prince Hamlet on a quest for retribution on his uncle, for the murder of his father and the incestuous affair with his mother. To exact his vengeance on his uncle, King Claudius, Hamlet put on an act of being mad to catch his uncle profess his sins, and causing it to be morally rightRead More Irony in Hamlet Essay3148 Words   |  13 Pagesexists in Shakespeares Hamlet. This paper examines the play for instances of irony and surveys their interpretation by critics. Howard Felperin comments on Hamlet’s â€Å"ironic consciousness† of the fact that he is unable to quickly execute the command of the ghost: Eliot’s unhappy judgments are worth considering here, if only because they are based on an intuition of Shakespeare’s creative process that is so near to and yet so far from the one presupposed in the present essay. He imaginesRead More The Role of Femininity in Shakespeares Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear2337 Words   |  10 PagesThe Role of Femininity in Shakespeares Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear similarly experience an unhooking (Tompkins) in the eponymous plays. These tragic figures struggle with internal and external femininity: after realizing their emotions and labeling them feminine, they identify women as the source of this negative femininity. Their inability to deal with the female gender in any form destabilizes their masculinity, causing an unhooking/unlatching within themRead MoreEssay about A Character Analysis of Hamlet1897 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet fascinates many readers and the first thing to point out about him is that he is mysterious. Shakespeares work demonstrates Hamlets dilemma as the role of revenger showing a man of thought forced to be a man of action. Hamlet is extremely philosophical and introspective. He is particularly drawn to difficult questions or questions that cannot be answered with any certainty. Faced with evidence that his uncle murdered his father, Hamlet becomes obsessed with proving his uncles guilt b eforeRead MoreLiterature in English (Exemplar Scripts)1768 Words   |  8 PagesExample 1 Paying close attention to language and tone, consider Shakespeare’s presentation of Prospero and Ariel in the following passage. (Act 4, Scene 1, ‘Prospero: I had forgot that foul conspiracy†¦Prospero: †¦Even to roaming.’) The first essay on The Tempest is in Band 4, work that is ‘solid’. The candidate does address the task consistently, the presentation of Prospero and Ariel, maintaining focus throughout what is quite a short essay. There is some knowledge of the text applied to the task andRead More The Significance of Religion in Hamlet Essays2838 Words   |  12 PagesSummary -The tragedy of Hamlet is one of the most important of Shakespeare’s plays and one that is published and performed as part of the rainbow of world literature. This paper investigates the role of religion for the characters and their actions, and presents a new interp retation using religion to understand the characters’ motives. The paper concludes that although Christianity is the main influence on Hamlet, Shakespeare also used Grecian religious symbols. Hamlet suffered from a psychologicalRead MoreSubject Object Constitution Of Pre Raphaelite Compositions : Binary Or Hierarchy?1692 Words   |  7 PagesConstable had declared that â€Å"Painting is a science† which should be used as an inquiry into the â€Å"laws of nature†, Stephens added that painting should be considered as â€Å"a branch of natural philosophy, of which pictures are experiments†. He began his essay by suggesting that â€Å"historical painters† should follow the technique of modern (Victorian) art in their â€Å"attention to nature in detail†. Stephens , like Constable, invoked modern science which is experimental to license modern experimental art. TheRead MoreSociety : A Realm Of Doubt2191 Words   |  9 Pages the gradual loss of human convictions. This culture of distrust can be understood through Renaissance protagonists, who poignantly question their respective societies as they attempt to acquaint themselves with a distant world. William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet and Miguel de Cervantes’s novel Don Quixote demonstrate this fundamental cynicism through the doubt of human interactions and the assaying of society as a whole. As these individuals attempt to find their place in a larger realm, they realize

Modular Kitchen free essay sample

Kitchen Brands in India Modular kitchen brands in India enable you to have a standard and durable kitchen in your home. Branded modular kitchens are always trustable and they normally have a minimum of 10 years replacement guarantee. 1. Hafele Hafele in India is true to its tagline- ‘Functionality for You’. The ability of the company to understand the diverse Indian market and adapt to the changing tastes and trends, has made it an authority in the field of architectural hardware, furniture fittings and kitchen fittings and accessories. A basic Hafele modular kitchen starts from Rs. 5 lakh. 2. Gilma Gilma as a brand was positioned in the premium markets with various product categories such as chimneys, hobs, cook tops and microwave ovens from 2001. The stunning range of chimneys has a dual role of being exclusive in its function and adding attraction to the kitchen. Stoves and hobs are priced from Rs. 5000 and cost of chimneys start from Rs. 9000. 3. Haecker Haecker kitchens have their branches all over India. They are now becoming popular in India as they use German technology to make the Indian kitchen look elegant. Prices can range anywhere between Rs 1, 00,000 25 lakh depending on the style, the look, and the kitchen space. For instance, Haecker Kitchen offers a basic 8 ft x 10 ft kitchen for Rs 2, 00,000. 4. Sleek Sleek consistently delivers latest products, while achieving progress through design, innovation and improvement. All kinds of kitchen cabinets and modular kitchen fittings are available in Sleek. Sleek provides completely affordable kitchen accessories. A complete modular kitchen with Sleek will cost Rs. 80,000. Sleek Group is a major organized player in the modern kitchen space and is engaged in the business of selling kitchen components from its 30 show rooms and through its 250 dealers. 5. Veneta Cucine Veneta uses materials and production methods that do not upset the environmental balance. The structure of the kitchen units are made with 100% recycled wood. The most basic Veneta modular kitchen will cost Rs. 4, 00,000 plus installation charges. Reputed modular kitchen dealer can provide you cabinets and chimneys of any of the above said brands. Charges depend upon the size and style of your kitchen. HAFELE Products HAFELE has more than 1,50,000 articles and 168 dealers across India. We are integral partners to the Indian wood processing trade, the furniture industry, specialist dealers as well as planners, architects and interior designers. These varieties of products are supplemented by a unique service by trained personnel. Hafele Indias gamut of home interior solutions matches your individual tastes and meets your specific requirements while providing you with the latest innovations from the market. Hafele solutions help you in making your lifestyle choices with an educated sensibility. Hafele has a solution for every corner of your home functionality for a lasting experience and design for an elegant look. Over the years, Hafele has established itself as a leading manufacturer and supplier of fittings and accessories with focus on product development and service enhancements to ensure that all customer requirements are met with specific solutions. In recent years, Hafele has partnered with leading global brands so as to offer the best solutions from across the world to our customers. These brands mark dominance in quality and blends in with our promise of world-class functionality. Companies selling exotic food, luxury kitchen appliances target men more than women NEW DELHI: When an Italian says he is looking for Indian men who have a way with the knife, you know he means business. Roberto Gavazzi says his eyes are firmly set on Indian men even though the business he is looking for has to come from the kitchen. The CEO of the 80-year-old Italian firm Boffi plans to sell designer kitchens that can cost up to Rs 2 crore, and hopes to market his ware through urban men who are increasingly taking to cooking at home with a certain passion. Men in India are taking keen interest in cooking and want to flaunt their kitchen gadgets, Gavazzi told ET on a recent visit to Delhi. Unlike in the past, when women ruled the kitchen, the Indian man now not only whips, kneads and purees, but also shops for smoked salmon, ham, exotic cheese, hand-made knives, and even the whole kitchen. Boffi is not the only one chasing Indian men; almost every company selling exotic food, luxury kitchen appliances and kitchenware now target men more than women. German luxury home appliances maker Miele says 70% of the purchase decisions on its products are being made by men. So we give more importance to our male customers even though the conventional wisdom would say to focus on women, Dhananjay Chaturvedi, managing director, Miele India, says. The firm organises regular cookout events in partnership with firms such as Citibank, Axis BankBSE 0. 20 % and Deutsche Bank that focus more on men than women. It was also the main sponsor of a polo tournament in Delhi for three years. Parushni Aggarwal, founder of Studio Creo, a company that sells international interior brands, says, Men look at kitchens as a gadget. It is a boylike pleasure for them to see a setup come alive at the press of a few buttons. NOT TOO BOUND BY BUDGET That means they are not too bound by budget. Boffi recently sold a Rs 50-lakh stainless steel outdoor kitchen to a Mumbai businessman, who installed it on his yacht. Counter tops that slide back and the forth and extractor hoods that pop up at the touch of a button could explain the price tag. An Italian kitchen from a brand like Boffi can cost anywhere between Rs 10 lakh to Rs 2 crore, says Aggarwal. From selecting the Teppanyaki grill cook tops to coffee machines to refrigerator to microwave, men are the final decision makers in most of the homes with high-tech kitchens, she says. Harit Nagpal, MD of direct-to-home satellite TV service provider TataSky, says he can cook anything from chana to fancy fish fillets. He has an eye India Kitchen Congress Cooking up Solutions An animated discussion among the market leaders brings out their pain areas, and also shows the way ahead Lack of training for sales staff, insufficient understanding of architects and interior designers, poor installation technique, and dearth of institutes having a kitchen discipline are reasons why the modular kitchen industry in India has a weak foundation. This emerged at the CEO Round Table discussion of industry stalwarts during India Kitchen Congress 2012. The discussion was moderated by Snehal Vasani, managing director of Kitchen Grace. Vasani, a veteran of the kitchen industry, started the discussion by asking how market share could be increased to a significant level. As modular kitchen is a new concept and the Indian industry is barely organised, there is need for trained sellers who can convince consumers of their suitability in Indian context. How modular kitchens fare better than carpenter-made ones in terms of long term cost, finish, functionality and health needs to be explained with transparency and conviction. This can be done only when the seller is knowledgeable enough about the product, and trained as a caring retailer. Currently both qualities are missing at the kitchen retail channels. Also, incorrect installation is giving this category a bad name. The industry remains dependent on outsourced installation, and has not invested in creating a pool of trained carpenters who understand the nature of flat-pack furniture. Having a trained cadre is an imperative for a healthy share in market that is witnessing new entrants on a daily basis. There is also a mistaken notion that only a concrete slab can prevent water from seeping through. Here too it is the building designer whos spoiling the industrys party, either due to ignorance or sheer disinterest. It, however, would be unfair to conclude that everything is lost. An equilibrium of demand and supply is often created when one among the two is in place. In conclusion, Vasani drove home the point that the kitchen industry needed its own representative body, which would â€Å"take care of its own. † IKC 2013 Exhibitors: Company Name Hafele India Pvt Ltd Sleek International Balaji Action Buildwell Krish Furniture Components Touch Interior Vertical Interior Concepts (I) Pvt. Ltd Jawahar Saw Mills Jyoti Architectural Products Pvt Ltd Pidilite Vinay Wire Products Shrusthi Plastics Style Spa Furniture BIESSE Jyoti India Metal Industries Pvt Ltd KAFF Appliances Cleaf Domus Line Foster Sirca 3B Spa Exposicam srl Product Hardware, Lighting Modular Kitchens Particle Board, UV Panels Modular Kitchens Modular Kitchens Accessories Kitchen cabinet shutters Hardware Adhesives Accessories Sinks Modular Kitchens Machinery Appliances Appliances, Accessories Panels Lighting Built-in Appliances Wood Coatings Panels Exhibtion Modular kitchens to drive Indian housing market By Daily Post India, 4/13/2013 2:12:29 PM DP Correspondent, Chandigarh 1/3 The changing lifestyle and higher disposable income is inducing India modular kitchen market to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 33 per cent during the 2010-11 fiscal. Kitchen is one of the most important parts of your home and the interiors are as much important as other rooms are. A new concept that has entered in the world of kitchen interiors is modular kitchen. As the name suggests, modular kitchen is made up of several modular, which are fitted together to form a design. Modular kitchens not only make cooking easier, but also add a touch of glamour to your kitchen interiors. The concept of modular kitchen has revolutionised the interior decor of a kitchen. In an interaction with Daily Post, Namit Bajoria, Director, Kutchina, said: â€Å"If there is any damage, then only that one unit has to be repaired or replaced. In addition, modular kitchen manufacturers all over the world make their units or modules in the same standard sizes. † The modular kitchens offer the latest in design and style. He said the chimney also plays an important role in the design of a kitchen. â€Å"We are offering a unique concept of auto-cleaning chimneys that just require a person to put .. some soap and water in the recommended slot and then push a button. A chimney helps keep the kitchen walls clean,† Bajoria said. Individuals can mix and match the basic models of modular kitchen to suit their taste. Salil Sadanandan, the newly appointed Managing Director of Kohler Kitchen and Bath India said: â€Å"An ideal kitchen should not be just stylish, but also make cooking, grinding, frying easy. † 2/3 â€Å"In fact as the important kitchen accessories like ventilators, chimneys, sink etc are in-built we do not have to worry about installing them later. They are easy to dismantle and in case we have to move our residence, we can carry all the modules and modular kitchen cabinets in a box and install it to our new kitchen. Modular kitchen s one of the best available ways to make your kitchen look beautiful, clean and tidy with high efficiency,† he said. Owing to the increased efficiency, the popularity of modular kitchen is getting higher and higher as the days fly by. As more and more people are taking modular kitchen to their home, the variety and styles of modular kitchen is rising. Thi s has resulted in having high variety for a house owner to select for the kitchen in their home. † Modular kitchens offer the latest in design and style and high gloss finish. Creativity and design has a great role to play in beautifying the most important place of expression. Modular kitchens come in a whole range of colours in bold colours of reds, gold, blues, oranges and greens apart from wood shades like cedar and birch. Since companies take care of the fitting of the units, individuals do not have to go through the hassle of explaining the design to the carpenter and then standing over him and making sure that he implements the design properly. 3/3 â€Å"They can just give us the design and relax. The comfort of modular kitchens as well as their design is pushing more builders to install them in apartment complexes,† said Manish Sethi of Dream Space India. He said that modular kitchens start from around Rs 50,000 and go up to Rs 5 lakhs. The modules come in standardised sizes, a minimum of 10 running feet is required for the kitchen cabinet and have deep units to accommodate electrical appliances and gas trolleys, and a wide choice of accessories in the form of wire baskets, carousels, adjustable shelves and pullout units. Cleaning modular kitchens is a very easy and time saving task. These days many people in India and abroad are opting for modular designs for their home as both the husband and wife go out to work and the time that is spent in the kitchen is very less. Nowadays, a modular kitchen is equipped with infinite accessories to make it even more advanced, modern and well furnished. The sleek glass work, elegant fittings, voguish wooden finishes coupled with the most recent gadgets are one of the most reliable accessories ever. Maximum interior decorators are eager to use smart and modish hardware such as stainless steel door handles, stimulated colored doors and so on,† said Bajoria. Some other attractive features of these kitchens include durability and easy-to-use applications. â€Å"Kitchen garnishes of these types last for a long period of time if purchased from a reliable dealer and used in an uthentic manner,† Sethi further added. Pawan Malhotra, Managing Director, Cucine Lube India, an Italian modular kitchen company which opened Asia’s largest modular kitchen studio spread across 30,000 sq ft in Delhi What’s the size of the kitchen market? Though the size of the market in India is difficult to state due to the presence of unorganised players, industry data pegs it an estimated Rs 1,500 crore. The year-on-year growth is about 35 per cent. 50 per cent of our business comes from housing projects and the rest from retail consumers. What’s the scope for luxury modular k itchens in India? Luxury has been evolving constantly in India. What was considered luxury few years back has now become part of lifestyle. The Indian kitchen too has over-gone a sea-change, from the wet kitchen to a dry one. The well-heeled, well-travelled Indian has realised it’s easy to spend some time in a kitchen that pampers you, even when you are rustling up a meal. The luxury factor, however, must ease out the working areas in order to make a difference. Cucine Lube studios are present in Noida, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Ludhiana, Chandigarh and Delhi. The new studio in Delhi offers access to more than 22 live kitchens. We offer 1,000 options in terms of design, materials, colors and layouts. The studio has an orientation centre where customers are provided with live demo of the products. Customers are given 3D views of their kitchens by using a design software. Also keeping in mind the Indian style of cooking, Lube has launched a water-proof kitchen cabinet. As per industry statistics, the modular kitchen segment stands at around Rs 1,500 crore. With increasing emergence of nuclear families, rising disposable income and better affordability, this industry is expected to grow at the rate of 40% per annum. Globally, kitchens account for 40% of all furniture sales. With the Indian furniture market valued at around 50,000 crore, the kitchen segment could well be estimated to be around 20,000 crore, which leaves an ample scope of improvement as the current figure stand at merely 1,500crore . Industry experts reveal that that stunning growth of modular kitchen industry in India has surprised the expectations of most of the market pundits and has became a subject of case studies in most of the reputed business schools. One of the striking factor of this growth industry is that the Indian suppliers were able to stand their ground and have not been sidelined by the intrusion of big western corporates. This speaks volume of Indian consumers loyalty to the traditional designs and brands. Most of the modular kitchen suppliers have voiced their desire of having a robust promotional campaign or high budget advertisement blitz to increase the awareness about the modular kitchen concept in the tier 2 and tier 3 cities (the next growth engines).

Devolution of HR free essay sample

The main aim of Human Resource Management is to direct its focus on the progressive and efficient utilization of an organizations people and their assets and skills in order to make the organization productive as a whole entity. Human resources had definitely been continuously undergoing multiple changes along with the other businesses and trades enveloping it. The employer- employee relationship has evolved drastically over the years. There is a long history behind the development of Human resource management that has led to it being the wide concept that it is today. With the development of the global economy in the late 1980s and 1990s, organizations have been forced to continually reevaluate operations and strategies. As a result, the one constant in this dynamic world is the ever-changing work environment. Throughout the 20th century and earlier, practitioners and academics developed theories and practices to explain and influence human behavior at work. We will write a custom essay sample on Devolution of HR or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page HRM has absorbed ideas and techniques from a wide range of these theories and practical tools. In agreement with Bernerth and Vani, HRM is continually evolving in the current business world due to the ever hanging economic and global trends, globalization, new technology and outsourcing. mentions that the changes that have taken place in HR management in the past 20 years exceed that of those in the past 100 years and the changes expected in the coming 10 years will be Just as dramatic. With the advancements in technology, the administrative role of HR seems to be diminishing. Also HRS non-strategic work such as compensation, benefits and payroll is being replaced by outsourcing. However, argue that outsourcing HR tasks does not imply that the HR department is iminishing but rather it helps HR to focus more on its strategic role. Human resource management is now being recognized as a vital strategic tool for many of the current businesses than Just implementing non-strategic work. It is being involved directly in the organizations major business decisions. Every business has its own strategy or a plan to achieve its objectives. Integrating HR department with the overall business strategy will enable the top management to utilize the right resources at the right time in the right places. As a result, the line managers are etting involved with the HRM process and vice versa to ensure the most effective use of the skills of their organizations employees. Hence, the process of devolution has come into being where many of the responsibilities of the HR department are now being handled by the line managers themselves. This has led to a change in the nature of work being handled by both the departments. In context with human resource management, devolution refers to the process of transferring some of the duties and responsibilities previously handled by the HR department or the personnel specialists to the line managers. By devolving responsibility for HR issues, line managers are provided with an opportunity to engage with day-to-day people management decision-making, while HR specialists can work on achieving closer alignment of an organizations systems and processes witn corporate objectives, while remaining sensit changes.