Solid Waste Management Techniques For Jalgaon City Environmental Sciences Essay

red-blooded boast Management Techniques For Jalgaon urban center Environmental Sciences Essay unwavering bumble guidance in India has become a major environmental issue of study increase environmental concerns and interest in substantive and ability conservation have lead to increasing growth in way of unshakable brag over the past two decades. This news report attempts to put unitedly in stock(predicate) information and analyze the line of work of self-colouredity brag. Proper anxiety of full-blooded municipal fuck up give the sack play an important role in contemporaries of social, frugal and environmental benefits. This paper revolves slightly the urban immobile fuck up withal bring outlines a unwavering baseless management in Jalgaon city. This paper discusses various future projections for estimating the growth of MSW and the impact of such growth. This paper concludes about ingathering, conveyancing and governing body of solid fade for Jalgao n city. The conclusion and recommendation will helpful in disposing of solid waste in scientific manner for Jalgaon City.Keywords Solid waste management, Environmental issues, future projections.INTRODUCTIONIn last few old age in Jalgaon city the increase in solid waste management plays significant role. This is because of rapid economic development and rapid increase in macrocosm in Jalgaon city. This trend is due to change in the living standards of Indian peoples, changing modus vivendi and food habits. The municipal council in Jalgaon city therefore, facing the trouble of reinforcing their available manpower, equipments and machineries for first-class municipal solid waste management.Solid waste management is undoubtedly an increasingly important element in terms of efficiency and profitability for any municipality, particularly in Jalgaon City. Its peculiarly complex dimension is a result not only of the direct relationship with a upshot of factors that originate the livi ng standard of a society, but also of our continuously rising consuming lifestyle which analogically enhances the existing operational difficulties. bolt disposition dit is one of the major parts of the process of solid waste management which consists of generation, collection, transportation, treatment and final disposal 3. It is statistically proved that a major simile of the aggregate cost for solid waste management is spent into municipal solid waste collection transportation and disposal. Having pin show uped the economic significance of waste collection transportation and disposal, it is equally important to underline that it is also one of the roughly difficult operational problems faced by local authorities in Jalgaon city. The curve enormity of the project dictates that well organized, well managed teams perform the undeniable duties on a everyday basis, in order to sustain the demanding hygienic standards that atomic number 18 expected by the Jalgaon citys res idents.URBAN SOLID WASTE steeringDue to rapid industrialization in urban argonas huge quantity of municipal solid waste and e-waste is generated. During the mid seventies the per capita solid waste generated lies in between 100 to 350 gm/day for Indian cities whereas in late eighties, it ranges in between 300 to 530 gm/day. Presently the per capita solid waste and e-waste generated daily in developing country like India ranges about 150 gm in small villages to 550 gm in large town 1. The urban population is currently about one quarter of total population.The collection of waste is tedious problem as house hold waste are thrown and twisted outside in the streets and also due to narrow lanes, the smaller vehicles to collect the waste can earn only to the selected accessible points. Hence, unskilled labours are utilise to sweep the narrow streets and collect the waste and rubbishs. though unskilled labours rates are relatively less due to large ordered series manpower it is estim ated that India spends vanadium times as lots on sweeping as on refuse collection2. Poor want of workers, inadequacy of supervisory and management skills at local government take aims are leading causes of low productivity. The problem needs to pay attention at proper levels.The three Rs of waste management namely Reduce, reuse and Recover. The recycling is achieved through kabaries (peoples handling waste) who goes to door to door and collect bottles, broken plastics, metals, waste papers, etc. this material is recycled for manufacturing the secondary product.2.1 Land pickaxLike other cities in Jalgaon city most of the waste is utilise for land filling. The methods followed are not in keeping with modern practices for sanitary land filling. The municipal solid waste is directly dumped on land filling sphere of influence. This dumping is normally through in depressions which are prone to flooding. Due to this surface water contamination causes due to flooding of such low posi tion areas and also the ground water pollution causes due to dumping of such waste. Diversion of land for waste disposal is impossible since areas with the largest concentration of solid waste would also be the areas with serious scarcity of indolent lands. This causes ill-effect on the health on the community residing nearby, causes bad odor and the community nearby liable to maintenance of explosion of methane gas that can accumulated at land fill sites3, which significantly contributes to global warming.2.2 CompostingThe excellent alternative for solid waste management is composting for urban solid waste in India 4. The composting may be by aerobic or anaerobic decomposition. In urban solid waste in India a huge quantity of perfect content and moisture is present. Conceptually, the idea of composting is appealing as it helps to recycle the nutrients top to the land. Composting process requires segregation of material which is achieved by recycling by kabadies.The composting however still remains surd option for small and medium towns. Semi-mechanized aerobic composting is fitting to reduce the waste volume in the towns.2.3 IncinerationIncineration is the most important treatment method for destruction of all high calorific and passing toxic solid waste. High temperature incineration at 12000C mineralizes all kinds of fundamental material in solid waste 4. Nearly 99.99% of various compounds are destructed. Incineration serves dual purpose of reduction of toxicity and the volume of the waste which is an important consideration when the disposal of waste is finally destined for landfills. The technology for incineration is not available indigenously and import options are highly capital intensive.2.4 Anaerobic digestion 4For high moisture and organic content of Indian touts, the anaerobic digestion is another sui defer option. However, there are no ready technologies for processing heterogeneous material such as urban solid waste. The existing method s are suitable to homogeneous materials. The cost of cleaning and separating mixed heterogeneous wastes are likely to be high.A good way to avoid these problems is to intercept suitable wastes at the point of generation before it is mixed with other wastes. Kitchen and vegetable market wastes are largely suited for this purpose. These wastes can be collected and treated at source, if space permits. The resulting bio-gas can be used for captive energy use such as lighting and cooking etc. few bio-gas constitutions are currently available to treat wastes of increase and vegetable origin. Though currently unfeasible as a large scale option, bio-gas systems can utilely handle localized and specific wastes and contribute to environment friendly disposal of wastes.THE quality OF JALGAON CITYThe Jalgaon Municipal limit covers an area of 68.24sqkm, out of which 11.45sqkm is the old municipal limit and 56.79sqkm is the extended additive area. This indicates that the Municipal territoria l jurisdiction has increased much than four times i.e. from 11.45sqkm to 68.24sqkm. The overall population engrossment of Jalgaon city, according to 2001 census5 is 53.94 inhabitant/hectares. The population of Jalgaon city will grow from 3, 68,000 in 2001 to 8,55,821 in 2033 as per the table 1 shown below. The population of Jalgaon city will increase nearly 43% till 2033. The municipal solid waste generated in the city is 226 tons/day as shown in Table (3). set back (1) people Projection 6MethodPopulation ProjectionGeometric rate of increase20012006201120212033368000430903530607693214855821With rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth the municipal solid waste (MSW) which has been a problem in past has become a serious threat in recent years and the situation is going to be worst in coming years if appropriate measures are not taken immediately, keeping in view the seriousness of the issue and its linkages with the economic growth, environmental degradation an d health hazards. Dumping the waste as a waste has two fold negative implications. On the other hand, it pollutes the air, water and land resulting in diseases and destruction of world habitat. Garbage collection and disposal, as SWM was known earlier, constituted an obligatory function of the municipalities and continues to be so. As per the guidelines of unspoiled despotic Court of March 1999 and Municipal Solid take in (Management and Handling) Rules, September 2000, solid waste management system has been recognized. However, comprehensive rules at the national level came to be framed only after the Supreme Court passed orders in the public interest. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) notified the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules in September 2000 and they are applicable to every municipal body in the country. It was mandatory for the city of Jalgaon also to revamp its SWM services, since there is a need to make substantial improvement in the SWM practices prevailing in the city to meet the standards.It was necessary to address this problem systematically by going into all aspects of the Solid Waste Management (SWM) and plan a simple but cost effective system which must ensure desired level of collection, transportation and disposal. The civic services in the city of Jalgaon are managed by Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation. Managing solid waste generated in the city collection, transportation and its safe disposal is one of the most priority area of attention for improvement of the Municipal Solid Waste Management in light of the MSW Rules 2000. Like most of the cities towns in India, this service falls short of the desired level in Jalgaon as the present systems adopt are outdated and inefficient to meet the standards (MSW Rules 2000). Lot of factors contribute to this present status, the main being insufficiency of knowledge and improper choice of technology coupled with a lack of long term planning. Jalgaon Cit y Municipal Corporation has initiated the process of taking corrective measures by implementing a new collection and transportation system along with processing and disposal system comparable to those of modern era.Figure. 1. Solid Waste organization Sites 53.1 Existing Status of order and DisposalThe Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is responsible for collection, disposal and management of MSW within the city. Due to rapid urbanization and increase in population waste collection and its transportation and disposal is a challenging task to the urban local bodies. No specific land was taciturn for compost depot in the sanctioned development plan of the old city limits. The waste generated is sell in an unscientific manner. The manpower and transport system is inadequate for the waste management of the city. The solid waste generated in the city mainly consists of domestic refuse (including slum area), waste from commercial areas, vegetable and fruit markets, slaughter houses, bi o-medical wastes, wastes from hotels and restaurants and industrial solid wastes 7. The waste generation is large in the high-income groups followed by middle and low-income group.TABLE (2) Physical composition of solid waste inJalgaon city5Sr.No.Physical CompositionIncome Groups (%)LIGMIGHIG1Compostable45.072.268.02Paper4.54.255.53 moldable3.52.93.64Glass0.90.009.05Metal0.50.00.56 disturb5.40.131.77Earthen matter40.020.311.48Leather0.20.220.3The average collection efficiency for MSW in Indian Cities is about 72.5% and around 70% of the cities lack adequate waste transport capacities (TERI 1998). Open dumping of garbage facilitates the breeding for disease vectors such flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats and other pests (CPCB 2000)FUTURE SCENARIOWaste generation and its impacts in India, the amount of waste generated per capita is estimated to increase at a rate of 1% 1.33% annually 8. The calculated value of per capita waste generation in 1997 is 0.468 kg. It is estimated that th e total waste quantity generated in 2047 would be approximately above 260 million tones more than five times the present level.Generation of waste in Jalgaon CityThe Jalgaon Municipal area is subdivided in 16 health units for collection and transportation of waste. The average per capita waste generation is 0.491kg/capita/day 12. The amount of waste generated is about 226 tons per day as shown in Table (3).Proposed Technological InventionsJalgaon city has lagged behind in terms of adopting technologies for solid waste management. In particular, collection, treatment and disposal of waste require urgent consideration. disposition of wasteThe preferred option would be to revamp the existing collection service structure to reserve community with waste bins, conveniently placed for the people to deposit domestic waste, and door to door collection of waste 9.Solid waste treatment and disposal techniquesDisposal is a no alternative option because it is the last functional element in the solid waste management system and ultimate mess of all waste that are of no further value. Proper segregation of waste would lead to purify options and opportunities for its scientific disposal 10. Recyclable for example, could be straightway transported to recycling units, which, in turn, would pay the corporation for it, thereby increasing their income. Finally, the inert material that will be required to be sent to landfill would be of much lower quantity compared to un-segregated waste, consequently increasing the life of our existing disposal facilities.Segregation should be done into following ways for Jalgaon city,Wet organic matter CompostingDry organic matter Fuel bricksPlastic items recycleConstruction waste Paving blocks combat materials recycleInert other materials Land fillingStrategic Planning (Flow Diagram) For SWM For Jalgaon CityDry thoroughgoing MatterPlastic ItemsConstruction WasteScrap MaterialsInert and other Building MaterialsWet Organic MatterCompos tingFuel BricksRecyclingPaving BlocksRecyclingLand fillingSegregationWaste Disposal SiteTS- 1TS- 1TS- 1TS- 1HU-2HU-12HU-13HU-14HU-1HU-3HU-4HU-16HU-5HU-6HU-7HU-8HU-9HU-10HU-11HU-15Figure 2. Strategic Planning (Flow Diagram) For SWM For Jalgaon CitySolid Waste Collection, Transportation Model for Jalgaon CityCollectionHome to Home CollectionMechanical Road SwipingManual Road SwipingBulk Generator litter BinsTransfer Station (Compactor)TransportationProcessing and DisposalProcessing UnitSegregationWet Organic MatterWet Organic MatterDry Organic MatterPlastic ItemsConstruction WasteScrap MaterialInert and other Building MaterialFuel BricksRecyclingPaving BlocksRecyclingLand fillingFigure 3. Solid Waste Collection, Transportation Model for Jalgaon CityCompostingComposting is one system which transforms the biodegradable organic material into biologically stable material and in the process reduce the organic volume of waste to destroy pathogens, insects eggs and other unwanted organisms a nd weed seed that may be present in municipal solid waste and to retain the maximum nutrient (NPK) content and to get out a product that can be used to support plant growth and as dirty word amendment 11.The solid waste from Jalgaon city has been found to contain on an average range of 30 to 40% biodegradable matter. Apart from it, the CN ratio of waste (i.e. 20) on average is within range required for composting i.e. 20 to 25% 11It was estimated that depending on locality and climate 450 to 500kg of compost can be produced from 1 tons of waste. found on above discussion it is recommended that composting can be considered as safe, economic disposal method of municipal solid waste generated from Jalgaon city.Dry organic matter may be used for preparation of dismiss bricks as energy source. After segregation of solid waste recyclable items are separated out and resource can be utilized for paving blocks.Land fillingSolid waste management may be used to improve natural features by raising the level of low fiction land to enable it to be used for cultivation or industrial development. The percentage of inert, inorganic and non-biodegradable organic matter is present in adequate quantity in solid waste of Jalgaon city and as for as this quantity is concerned the use of sanitary land filling seems alternative to use as means of disposal land filling method is cheapest method of refuse disposal.TABLE (3)Total Waste Generation for Jalgaon City 5Health UnitNature of Generators And Expected Quantity in Kilograms 0.491 / Capita / DayResidents Families commercialized PropertyHotelsRoad Sweeping DebrisNosQuantity ofWasteGenerated in KgNosQuantity ofWasteGenerated in KgNosQuantityof WasteGenerated in KgLength ofthe Road in KmQuantity of WasteGenerated in Kg1755514221225.87472.2821.371942.11270201037726570.7610180.739.493588.8535821104742704721.9744795.0824.262204.7545012901945691219.9245813.1515.61417.7354456802016343.52118.079.06823.376571410286589157.2640722.831.52 2864.547376666391490397.83751355.2516.811527.698616611096747199.4530542.127.122464.67939058604379101.19590.3522.072005.721011565202771354361.5218325.2630.622782.751166331193920955.811198.7728.812618.251283741465337299.3240722.834.673150.811334306173766204.5227487.8923.052094.78141072619307383102.269162.6329.232656.421523753816823219.7414252.9827.762522.831660701206614438.459162.6338.123464.3598588176967149793999.393826902.74419.5638129.61Total Waste Generation in Tones 226CONCLUSIONBased on physical composition and characteristics of solid waste in Jalgaon city composting can effectively handle solid waste containing wet organic matter in Jalgaon city. For collection of solid waste door to door collection system will be effective one, vehicle. For that purpose Jalgaon city must be divided into 16 health units four transfer move are recommended. After segregation of solid waste wet organic matter must be used for composting dry organic material to be used for for fuel bricks, plasti c items, iron items, scrap material to be used for recycling pupose. Inert and other building material should be used for land filling.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe literature reviewed in this paper is the part of ongoing thesis work named Solid waste management techniques for Jalgaon city at SGB University, Amravati under the guidance of Prof. M. Iqbal. The author thanks the Principal, J. T. M. C. O. E. Faizpur, Dist- Jalgaon for extending all facilities for conducting the research work.